The Theory of Critical Distances to assess the effect of cracks/manufacturing defects on the static strength of 3D-printed concrete

The present paper deals with the use of Theory Critical Distances to model detrimental effect cracks and manufacturing defects in 3D-printed concrete subjected static loading. robustness proposed approach was assessed against a number experimental results that were generated by testing, under three-point bending, rectangular section specimens weakened saw-cut crack-like sharp notches, surface roughness (due extrusion filaments) defects. sound agreement between experiments predictive allowed us demonstrate is not only reliable design approach, but also powerful tool suitable for guiding informing effectively additive process.